What Is Liraglutide?

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk. It's 97% homologous to native human GLP-1 with modifications that extend its half-life, allowing once-daily dosing. It was a predecessor to semaglutide and paved the way for modern incretin therapies.

Type: GLP-1 receptor agonist (acylated) Molecular Weight: 3,751.2 Da Half-life: ~13 hours Dosing: Once daily Brand Names: Victoza® (diabetes), Saxenda® (weight) FDA Approval: 2010 (diabetes), 2014 (weight)

Key Characteristics

  • First in class: First once-daily GLP-1 agonist
  • Dual approval: Diabetes and obesity
  • CV benefit: LEADER trial showed cardiovascular protection
  • Weight loss: ~5-8% in clinical trials

Mechanism of Action

Like all GLP-1 agonists, liraglutide works by:

  • Enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Suppressing glucagon secretion
  • Slowing gastric emptying
  • Reducing appetite via CNS effects

Clinical Trial Highlights

TrialFocusKey Result
LEAD ProgramDiabetesHbA1c reduction 1.0-1.5%
LEADERCV outcomes13% reduction in CV events
SCALEObesity~8% weight loss at 3.0mg

Liraglutide vs Semaglutide

FeatureLiraglutideSemaglutide
DosingOnce dailyOnce weekly
Weight loss~5-8%~15-17%
HbA1c reduction1.0-1.5%1.5-2.0%
Half-life13 hours7 days

Side Effects

  • Nausea (most common, usually transient)
  • Vomiting, diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Injection site reactions
  • Pancreatitis (rare)
  • Thyroid C-cell tumor warning (rodents)

Prescription Medication

Liraglutide is a prescription medication that should only be used under medical supervision for approved indications (type 2 diabetes, obesity). Consult healthcare professionals for medical decisions.

Summary

Liraglutide was a groundbreaking GLP-1 agonist that established the class's role in both diabetes and obesity treatment. While now somewhat overshadowed by once-weekly options like semaglutide, it remains an effective option and its LEADER trial established cardiovascular benefits for the GLP-1 class.

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